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91.
In the present work, thermal performance of a new modified baseboard radiator is investigated experimentally based on the European Standard EN-442. Temperature distribution and thermal comfort conditions of the floor heating system and panel radiator is compared with the present system numerically. To validation of the simulation results, a comparison has been made between the simulation and the experimental obtained results. Comparison shows that there is a good agreement between them. The heat output rate of the new system increased about 46.06% compared with conventional baseboard radiant model and also the baseboard heating system is capable of providing better thermal comfort conditions than two other systems. Energy consumption in three systems is investigated experimentally by smart temperature control mechanism. Results show that energy consumption in the baseboard radiant is 83.03% and 55.96% lower than floor heating system and panel radiator, respectively. 相似文献
92.
Chenqian Qiu Qian Chen Chunlin Chang Weidong Jiang Guangyin Fan 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(1):656-665
Utilizing natural waste as carbon source to prepare porous carbon with ultrahigh surface area and developing a facile protocol to synthesize supported metal nanoparticles toward an efficient formic acid (FA) decomposition are vital but remains challenging. Here, discarded ginkgo leaves were utilized as carbon source to prepare ginkgo leaf-derived porous carbon (GLPC) with an ultrahigh surface area of 3851 m2/g. Based on the as-prepared nitrogen-doped GLPC (N-GLPC) after “soft” nitriding, a facile solid-state reduction strategy with mortar-pestle grinding and without the use of any organic solvent and stabilizing ligand was developed to synthesize ultrafine and well-distributed Pd nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter of 2.7 ± 0.7 nm. The “soft” nitriding temperature and addition of base during preparation played vital roles in the activity of the fabricated catalysts. The Pd/N-GLPC-350 exhibited the highest catalytic activity toward decomposing FA, achieving a high turnover frequency of 2952 h?1 at 333 K. The Pd/N-GLPC-350 was quite stable and could be reused at least five times without evident activity loss. This study provides a facile solid-state reduction protocol with mortar-pestle grinding to synthesize metal NPs by using natural waste-derived porous carbon as support toward efficient FA decomposition. 相似文献
93.
Fang Wang Li-dan Deng Ze-wei Wu Kai Ji Qiao Chen Xing-mao Jiang 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(40):20815-20824
Ru nanoparticles supported on SiO2 microspheres (Ru/SiO2-GUS) were prepared by the glucose-urea-metallic salt method and applied in the decomposition of ammonia. In the glucose-urea-metallic salt method, glucose as the carbon template plays a significant role in the formation of diffusion-beneficial structural properties of Ru/SiO2-GUS, and also induceds the modification of the electronic state of Ru. Ru/SiO2-GUS exhibited higher catalytic activity compared with the catalyst prepared with the impregnation method. The catalytic performance of Ru/SiO2-GUS was further enhanced with the addition of either K or Cs——the addition order and amount strongly affecting the catalytic performance. When the ratio of K/Cs to Ru is 2, the alkali metal (KOH/CsOH) solution is added in the homogeneous solution of glucose, urea, RuCl3 and the colloidal silica, the promotion effect of K/Cs is the strongest, particularly under lower reaction temperatures. However, the promotion effects of K and Cs are different as reveled by the combined results of H2-TPR, XPS and NH3-TPSR. More NH3 can be absorbed on K–Ru/SiO2-GUS and the electron density of Ru decreased. By contrast, more metallic Ru formed on Cs–Ru/SiO2-GUS, facilitating N2 recombination. 相似文献
94.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(56):28686-28699
Thermal energy storage systems based on metal hydrides can be a solution for preheating fuel cells (FCs). They can provide thermal energy at temperatures below −20 °C during startup, while heat at 50 °C during operation is sufficient for regeneration. The challenge of such a system in mobile applications is the final weight specific thermal power. In this study, a reactor design based on additive manufacturing techniques for ~300 g of metal hydride is presented. Here, a reactor (passive) to hydride (active) mass ratio of 0.97 is realized, still reaching high weight specific thermal power of up to 2.1 kW/kgMH at −20 °C and 8 bar (LmNi4.91Sn0.15). Considering the example of preheating a FC from −20 °C in ~120 s, the performance of LaNi5 and LmNi4.91Sn0.15 is studied. While LaNi5 requires higher regeneration temperatures than LmNi4.91Sn0.15 (>40 °C compared to >20 °C), its performance is less sensitive to operative variations due to its nearly ideal thermodynamic characteristic. 相似文献
95.
Yingying Sun Yanshun Xu Pei Gao Wenshui Xia Qian Hua Qixing Jiang 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2021,56(1):224-232
To evaluate the effects of irradiation and thermal treatments on the quality characteristics of the vacuum-packaged low-salted fermented fish (Suanyu) during 90-day storage, thermal-treated group (TTG), irradiated-treated group (ITG) and non-treated group (CG) were prepared. The results showed that total viable counts reduced by 4.49 and 4.67 log CFU/g after thermal and irradiation treatments, respectively, and no coliforms and pseudomonas growth occurred during storage. Compared with CG, lower levels in L*, springiness, chewiness of TTG and higher levels in L*, b* and chewiness of ITG were detected after 90-day storage. Total biogenic amines content was significantly reduced in ITG compared with CG and TTG (P < 0.05). Both irradiation and thermal treatments have the potential to maintain quality of Suanyu during room storage. Compared with irradiation, thermal treatment could better stabilise the free amino acids and volatile compounds of Suanyu during room storage, but had some negative effects on texture quality. 相似文献
96.
Occupants’ satisfaction had been researched independently related to thermal and visual stimuli for many decades showing among others the influence of self-perceived control. Few studies revealed interactions between thermal and visual stimuli affecting occupant satisfaction. In addition, studies including interactions between thermal and visual stimuli are lacking different control scenarios. This study focused on the effects of thermal and visual factors, their interaction, seasonal influences, and the degree of self-perceived control on overall, thermal, and visual satisfaction. A repeated-measures laboratory study with 61 participants running over two years and a total of 986 participant sessions was conducted. Mixed model analyses with overall satisfaction as outcome variable revealed that thermal satisfaction and visual satisfaction are the most important predictors for overall satisfaction with the indoor environment. Self-perceived thermal control served as moderator between thermal satisfaction and overall satisfaction. Season had slight influence on overall satisfaction. Random effects explained the highest amount of variance, indicating that intra- and interindividual differences in the ratings of satisfaction are more prevalent than study condition. Future building design and operation plans aiming at a high level of occupant satisfaction should consider personal control opportunities and take into account the moderating effect of control opportunities in multimodal interactions. 相似文献
97.
Georgia N Tomara Panagiota K Karahaliou Dimitris L Anastassopoulos Stavroula N Georga Christoforos A Krontiras Jozsef Karger‐Kocsis 《Polymer International》2019,68(5):871-885
Polyamide‐6 (PA‐6)/boehmite alumina (BA) nanocomposites were prepared via direct melt compounding. Structural, thermal and dielectric properties of ‘as‐received’ (including moisture) and ‘dried’ (thermally treated) specimens were examined. The BA nanofiller was homogeneously dispersed in the PA‐6 matrix. XRD and FTIR revealed that crystallization of PA‐6 in the γ phase was favoured over α phase with increasing BA content. The crystallinity index (CI) and the percentage of α and γ phases were also evaluated. Dried specimens exhibited a lower CI than as‐received specimens while the CI decreased with the addition of filler. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy revealed the presence of γ, β and α relaxations, the Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars effect and the contribution of conductivity relaxation in the as‐received samples. The drying procedure unmasked a double feature of both β and α modes. The results of the complementary techniques were analysed and the effects of moisture and/or the incorporation of BA nanofiller on the microstructure of the PA‐6 matrix are disclosed. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
98.
CO_2 conversion by thermal plasma with carbon as reducing agent: high CO yield and energy efficiency
A key problem in CO_2 conversion by thermal plasma is suppressing the inverse reactions,CO?+?O?→?CO_2 and CO?+?0.5O_2?→?CO_2, to simultaneously obtain high CO yield and energy efficiency. This can be done by quickly quenching the decomposed gas or rapidly taking away free oxygen from decomposed gas. In this paper, experiments of CO_2 conversion by thermal plasma with carbon as a reducing agent are presented. Carbon quickly devoured free oxygen in thermal plasma decomposed gas, and not only is the inverse reaction completely suppressed, but the discharge energy to form oxygen atoms, oxygen molecular, and thermal energy is also reused.A CO_2 conversion rate of 67%–94% and the corresponding electric energy efficiency of about 70% are achieved, both are much higher than that seen so far by other plasma implementations. 相似文献
99.
碳纤维复合材料薄壁圆筒为各向异性导热,其轴向导热系数是筒体温度场理论计算、成型工艺优化的重要参数。碳纤维复合材料圆筒由于较小的截面面积给筒体加热、热量有效传递带来了较大困难。本文以平板材料导热系数的稳态法测试国家标准为基础,基于傅里叶一维稳态导热原理,设计了一套用于薄壁圆筒轴向导热系数测试的装置,采用双试件对称加热、辐射换热防护及热对流环境控制等实现了热量沿筒体轴向的有效传导,利用该装置对导热系数已知的铝筒进行测试,验证了该装置设计的可行性,得到了碳纤维复合材料薄壁圆筒的轴向导热系数为(4.60±0.13) W/(m•K)。 相似文献
100.
为详细了解高氯酸铵(AP)对5,5'-联四唑-1,1'-二氧二羟铵(HATO)热分解影响的机制,采用热重-质谱-傅里叶红外光谱(TG-MS-FTIR)联用技术、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)方法,对HATO和HATO/AP共混物的热分解特性、气体产物以及凝聚相变化进行了研究。结果表明,HATO具有两个连续热分解阶段,HATO/AP共混物则有3个热分解阶段;HATO、AP共混后,HATO使得AP熔融峰消失,AP可使HATO的热分解初始温度提前,热分解时间延长且不影响分解完全性;HATO热分解气体产物有CO_2、N_2O、HCN、NH_3、NO、N_2、H_2O,而HATO/AP共混物热分解产生气体主要有N_2、CO_2、N_2O、HCN、NH_3、H_2O、HCN、NO、HCl、NOCl;另外,采用等转化率法计算HATO和HATO/AP共混物四唑环基团的活化能分别为53.38 kJ·mol~(-1)和60.69 kJ·mol~(-1);通过对比HATO和HATO/AP共混物热分解特性以及凝聚相特征基团的变化,阐释了AP使HATO热分解温度提前的机理很可能是:AP的铵根离子与HATO之间发生了质子转移;推测AP导致HATO热分解时间延长的原因为:HATO/AP共混物产生的NH_3与热分解中间体1,1'-二羟基-5,5-联四唑(BTO)反应生成5,5'-联四唑-1,1'-二氧铵盐(ABTOX)。 相似文献